ROAD TO FREEDOM Show #17 TITLE: Travelling Torture Chamber: Microwave Harassment HOST: Eleanor White DESCRIPTION: Eleanor White reads the article titled "Travelling Torture Chamber: Microwave Harassment" by Regina Cullen. Ms. Cullen is a British target of citizen gang stalking and electronic harassment. FILE NAME: show17.mp3 DATE: October 22, 2005 LENGTH: 47m, 54s WEBSITES OF ELEANOR WHITE http://www.shoestringradio.net http://www.multistalkervictims.org http://www.raven1.net TOPICS DISCUSSED ON THIS SHOW "accidentally seen" skits burglary as harassment "buzzing" (frequency assault) Freemasonry frequency assault (Type I & II) invisible beam as harassment remote hypnosis remote manipulation of emotions ADDITIONAL INFORMATION book "Paranoid Women Collect Their Thoughts: A Paranoia Anthology" by editor Joan D'Arc Published by Paranoia Publishing, 1996 152 pages ISBN: 0965364305 "Traveling Torture Chamber: Microwave Harassment, Gangsterism, and Freemasonry" article from the book "Paranoid Women..." (see above) by author Regina Cullen Christians Against Mental Slavery British anti-harassment organization founded by John Allman http://www.slavery.org.uk VOICES ELEANOR: Eleanor White CULLEN: Regina Cullen's article read by Eleanor White ========================================================= ELEANOR: The God who gave us life, gave us LIBERTY! The problem is, there are people in power these days who really don't like that! Come, travel the ROAD TO FREEDOM, with your host Eleanor White. Welcome to show #17, recorded on October 22, 2005. ROAD TO FREEDOM is a listeners-sponsored show by and about all the targets of electronically assisted vigilante gang stalking throughout the world. ROAD TO FREEDOM brings you information on this crime wave, which has so far been denied by every government and private agency but one, whose missions are to help those who are targets of crime. That one agency who is helping us is the Toronto, Ontario Rape Crisis Centre in Canada. The opinions expressed are those of the host and guests, and may not be those of others who are targets of vigilante stalking and electronic harassment, or of any person or group who may replay these recorded programs. Information for anyone who is thinking about donating to keep ROAD TO FREEDOM on the air is found on the cover page of this show's website, at the bottom. This show's website is: http://www.shoestringradio.net Vigilante stalking, and the covert use of advanced electronic weapons on vigilante stalking targets, is basically the use of lies - again: LIES - to motivate networked groups of citizens to destroy the lives of their innocent targets. These programs are about the ongoing efforts to expose this activity, and hopefully, to stop it. Today we will hear excerpts from an article written by a British target of vigilante stalking and electronic harassment. This article was included in a 1996 book titled: "Paranoid Women Collect Their Thoughts" While I, Eleanor White, DETEST associating the term "paranoia" with vigilante stalking and electronic harassment, it's not entirely avoidable when trying to share this Earth-shattering story with our listeners. The article is titled "The Travelling Torture Chamber: Microwave Harassment" and was written by Regina Cullen. Very apt title! When you are a target of either vigilante stalking, or electronic harassment, or as is usually the case, both, then you live in a travelling torture chamber. Not only that, but you don't get out except by death, with less exceptions than you can count on one hand. Ms. Cullen lays substantial blame for her enrollment as a vigilante stalking/electronic harassment target on the world wide ASSOCIATION OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, commonly called "Freemasons." I, Eleanor White, am not aware of courtroom quality proof that members of any secret society are directly responsible for vigilante stalking, so for the large majority of honest Freemasons who do good work in the name of their organization, please understand that what the author is talking about is an alleged portion of Freemasonic members who may have formed a criminal element. When a secret society is established, the heavy stress on secrecy and loyalty, and separation between ranks, make for a fertile ground in which crime can grow. When so many leaders throughout history have been, and are, members of secret societies, the potential for crimes, which are exceptionally damaging to their victims, is very high. And again, exceptionally damaging, because so many of the leaders are members of the secret societies. So, that means, if they turn to crime, many people will suffer more so than criminals who are simply private individuals. But we at ROAD TO FREEDOM are not promoting the idea that Freemasonry is a criminal organization. We will wait until undeniable proof is brought forth. Meanwhile, I can tell you that some targets of vigilante stalking and many other crimes in which powerful people play a part, DO point a finger at the ASSOCIATION OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS, and other secret societies. Each listener must make up their own mind as to the credibility of these claims. Here then are excerpts from the article titled: "The Travelling Torture Chamber: Microwave Harassment" by Regina Cullen CULLEN (Regina Cullen's article read by Eleanor White): "Throughout my life sleep was never a problem. I never thought about it because I always slept soundly, even through eleven months of total disruption by a hooligan and his unsavoury girlfriend who were moved into a tiny bedsit next to mine, under 'mysterious circumstances' according to an official of the local authority who looked into it for me later. This criminal vandal was employed as a gasfitter; of that type of occupation I was later told "They're all Freemasons, you know." "From January to November of 1985 I was subjected to daily abuse: my walls beaten on, my bicycle tires slashed, my car broken into, my doorbell ripped out, myself twice assaulted in the hall. I am certain it began because I made a complaint against the local police in 1984 and, in an unrelated affair that year, got on the wrong side of a Freemason employed by American big business." ELEANOR: Remember that she {the author} is in Great Britain. CULLEN: "Shortly after making the complaint, I was subjected to false arrest for a minor charge, which was nonetheless a brazen lie, by police officers of whom I was requesting assistance, and I was railroaded through a malicious prosecution. Also that year I got divorced from a person in rock and roll who possibly had Masonic connections. "Freemasonry is an all-pervasive alternative power structure, most certainly [here] in England, and is the cult religion of intelligence agencies, military structures, police and government agencies. I believe my name was added to the list of victims of secret and experimental technology. The nature and monstrous proportions of the vendetta against me have made it clear that the persons with the grudge are NOT the operatives who carry it out. "An outbreak of what I have experienced occurred in a place called Teaside in the early 1980s and, interestingly, the 'American Big Business Mason' used to go there. In November 1985 a new element of harassment appeared: My home was rendered uninhabitable by 'frequency assault.'... " ELEANOR: And listener, let me explain that! Our members often talk about electronic attacking signals as "frequencies". CULLEN: "... What I now know to be microwaves and/or infrasound were used to turn the room into a torture chamber. "I had to go elsewhere to sleep when this type of interference replaced the more 'normal' harassment and was used continuously until November 1989. It was an irregularly pulsed 'humming' sound, impossible to tell which direction it came from, seeming louder when one was lying down and filling the air with a menace inimical to life, a sense of crushing weight and oppression, and shock waves like a beating. "It reverberated most in the area just behind the ear, the mastoid bone area which is filled with air pockets, and caused my eyes to ache and my forehead to feel fuzzy and interfered with. "I managed to move from the bedsit (which is a room for one) but only had one free night before it began [at the new place,] and in the ensuing years I was followed many places. Sometimes, in outrage at being forced out of my home, I would return in the middle of the night to find complete peace and quiet, but ten or twenty minutes later, the frequency assault would begin again. "This often happened in the daytime for the first year or so, then it only came on usually at night. The effects were not overtly physical, they were also what I call 'etheric', meaning it felt as if my aura itself had been instantly destroyed, stripped away, leaving an indescribable sense of OBSCENITY. "In January of 1986, someone gave me refuge and after four days [there] it began in their home too, driving us out with identical effects, but even MORE intense. Our flesh felt as if it were being KNEADED like dough, accompanied by loud, machine-like sounds as if there was a printing press being operated nearby. "I believe the source of the assault was the flat above, unless micro technology is hidden in one's own flat, for this took place on the 11th floor. There were no houses of comparable height nearby, and the flat above was inhabited by the building's caretaker, who, to my consternation had seemed to "KNOW" me, having made a rude remark to me in the hall one afternoon as if he had been told something about me. "On the day this happened, there had been a man pretending to be asleep in a red car parked half onto the sidewalk in front of the building's entrance. I was instantly afraid of him, but warned myself not to be paranoid. Two weeks later I was running suddenly for a bus and looking over my shoulder, I caught him ducking behind a van to avoid being seen following me. "Earlier, back at the bedsit, intuition had given me another clue to look out of my spy hole just as the hooligan was being handed a strange box with orange hemispherical plastic knobs on each corner by a trench-coated detective type, who did not speak and took care not to creak the hallway doors." ELEANOR: After 25 years of being targeted and observing, and hearing reports from others, and knowing how criminals, undercover police, and intelligence agents operate, I would label such "accidentally seen" things as decoying. I do not believe genuine perpetrators would allow a target to see real equipment. They don't need to, as technology can quite easily operate from hiding and never be visible, thanks to the through-the-wall radar, which is in common, use at airports. It is clear to me that such skits are intended to cause the target to complain to others, so as to gain a reputation as an overly sensitive person at best, and a nutcase at worst. I advise fellow targets to note this activity, but not to let it trigger complaints to the authorities. Recognizing the "players" may help if they should turn up in the future, but complaining to the authorities about something they can label you a "nutcase" for, will not help you. Although we do know that nearby neighbors do participate in the harassment, targets must be especially careful to avoid making accusations based solely on "strange behavior" of neighbors, as opposed to tangible crimes. My experience has been that skits are often set up to tempt us to accuse innocent neighbors. CULLEN: "I moved in February 1986 and it was that summer that I let a homeless person live in my spare room. From the very day he arrived the frequency assault reduced in intensity to just 'background' levels, and I suspected it would in order to prevent my having an ally to verify what was happening. Perhaps it did not occur in his room, since microwave beams can be tailored to just one person in a room, just one room, just one house, etc., but I found I still had to counter it by sleeping with an electric fan with a steady low hum by my head to drown out that maddening, irregularly pulsed hum. "At these reduced levels, not everyone might hear it, another characteristic indicating electromagnetic rather than acoustic sound. It wasn't long before I became aware of a house down the street which seemed to be a base for operatives. "The first obvious sign of illegal entry by lock picking was left in order to intimidate me. A car with an Asian driver had been parked across the street from the outdoor cafe where I was sitting. A well dressed man carrying a Gladstone bag passed before me three times. He seemed tense. When I got home I found a storage trunk where I kept my papers relating to this subject had been opened and its lock left at a 45-degree angle, padlock undone also. "[Evidently] the car was positioned to watch for my leaving radioed ahead to the lockpick to warn him, Gladstone bag and all... It was as if the perps were saying: 'We can do what we want, you can't do anything about it' "Many people (alarm companies, private codes, and maybe a collusion) know the hard way that even burglar alarm systems do not keep these people out. "It was the same car I believe, with two Asians inside, that screeched to a halt one afternoon in front of that house, and it was from the same house that one day a burly blond man emerged and stared at me as if he knew me. This was the same man, I think, who stood at a distance, irate it seemed, watching me tie up a broken bicycle I had just pushed all the way from Kensington through Hyde Park to the University of London. I had the impression he was put out because he'd had to follow me. "In January 1986 I stayed three days in a women's' refuge. There I met an elderly woman who complained about Big Brother and being followed all over London. I found her to be [quite] sane. In her room the 'Type I' frequency assault was apparent, and the flat across the street had a most unusual aerial on the roof and kept its lights on all night. "When I called the other girls into that room at midnight they told me they thought that flat was some sort of office. As we talked, the frequency assault suddenly stopped, and only one of the girls said she had heard it." ELEANOR: What they are talking about as "frequency assault" is an annoying sound transmitted by what we targets (of vigilante stalking and electronic harassment) often refer to as "voice to skull". CULLEN: "As I watched the street alone in the room, a man's head appeared in the window. He was an older man with a hardedge sort of crew cut, grey hair. The lights went out then he emerged, walked to a house five or six doors away and went in without turning on any lights." ELEANOR: One needs to exercise self-restraint in assigning significance to such moves. Making this type of observation year in and year out can soak up large amounts of emotional energy and return nothing in terms of practical progress towards exposing and stopping vigilante stalking and electronic harassment. However, the NON-electronic harassment, in the form of "skits" where "little nasties" like staring, crowding one's space, or automobile-based harassment, CAN provide some interesting camcorder footage. Especially with today's very compact digital camcorders with extraordinary zoom capability. CULLEN: "I lived in Hampstead from February 1986 to October 1993 and another episode will show how close by the neighbourhood operatives are based. My front door was unlocked after I was out for only fifteen minutes. It was a Sunday and a neighbour had come to visit and I had gone out to get the papers. Upon returning, I found the door hanging open, the latch having been sprung so it wouldn't shut. My neighbour, who was inside the apartment, had heard a click while she was INSIDE. "Burglaries are also still taking place. For example, in 1995, I bought a new cooking pot and a couple of weeks later, when I took it out to use it, I found spit inside of it. "Also the piece of foam I have been sleeping on has had the word 'Hawaii' printed across the edge. This word was not there before. I don't know if this is just a nasty reminder that I am being bugged, or a vicious hint that inside the mattress is micro-technology use to create cooked, hot burning skin effect. I've read that a battery to power a bug can be half the diameter of a human hair, and I assume that a transmitter of frequencies could also be tiny." ELEANOR: As a retired engineer, and ham radio operator for over half a century, I think electronic bugs and implants are way overblown by our members. Our members are not aware of things like power capacity and range, versus battery and transmitter size. No transmitter of CONVENTIONAL radio signals the size of a human hair can burn skin. There are undoubtedly signal types that the public doesn't know about. In addition, the current-day harassment signals have been shown to be able to penetrate top quality shielding which does an excellent job of stopping conventional radio signals. This points strongly to new, advanced signal types not yet known to college professors. Confirmed electronic implants in targets are EXTREMELY rare, extremely rare, and to date, no confirmed electronic bugs have been found in targets' premises that I am aware of. CULLEN: "In one of the burglaries, the strap of my favourite slip was cut in half. I had been trying on clothes with a girlfriend in my flat, so it seems cameras are being used. This friend might never have become a friend as initially my phone was manipulated so that she thought I was rude not to be around when she had arranged to phone. Tricks like making my phone sound like it's ringing to her, but in my home it was not [ringing.] "I was listened to in silence when I obtained an interview with a high level police officer at the local station in 1989. When I described the phone interference, a witnessing officer nodded his head to himself confirming he knew about that sort of thing. I had tried to get help from the police to no avail, but by 1989 I had met another victim who had told me about the code word "buzzing" being used for frequency assault. "A relative of hers had told her she had overheard two officers discussing having it done to someone for petty revenge purposes. When I used that word in requesting an interview, the response came the very next day. 'Type I' frequency assault stopped for six weeks. This does not prove that the police helped, but only that someone seemed to know the interview. I was sent away from the station with [the admonition] 'We don't want to hear any more about it.' " ELEANOR: That is very, very common. CULLEN: "The clearest demonstration that both Type I and Type II are deliberate, separate and real phenomena is this: After Mary Seal's 'Global Deception' conference in London in January 1993, I was invited to a TV studio by a friend of the organizer who, I was told, wanted moral support in the studio audience. I was not prepared to be asked to speak and when a question was directed to me I spilled the beans about my home being rendered uninhabitable by electromagnetic technology and my suspicion that a police complaint and Freemasonry was the cause of it. "At home that night, after a couple of years of relative freedom from type I frequency assault, Type I was turned on very strongly. Symptoms of Type I include a bizarre feeling that the right and left halves of the brain are separating, with a cap in between, as if parts of the head and face are rearranged spatially, as in a Cubist painting. There is an impression of slight puffiness in the face, a flattening of the nose, and "de-finement" of features. "Two weeks later, when the show was aired, Type II was turned on so badly that I was devastated. I could hardly breathe and felt like I was in an oven. Each breath is like trying to inhale searing desert air, along with the usual headache and severe lassitude, sore tired eyes, fatigue, hot burning skin, old scars throbbing, and an overwhelming sense of oppression, evil, and helplessness. Relaxation is impossible under both types of frequency assault. "The sick, sadistic nature of operatives who can do these things to people means that these types are sought out and kept busy deliberately because they are useful for terrorizing society. The more people know what can be done to them clandestinely, in their homes, in their beds, the more effective is STATE terror, gangsterism, and the protection racket. "Death squads and demonstration killings are less subtle methods, although they do happen here in England, as in the 'convenient' death of organic farmer Mark Purdey. I think the ways of the Iron Curtain have been much admired by certain factions in our society. "I have suspected subliminals (microwaves are used as carrier waves) have been used to disrupt my relationships and cause unhappiness. I wonder if false files are created to induce cooperation among people otherwise uninvolved who may be approached for various reasons, perhaps to spy, or write propaganda articles, or help destroy someone's reputation, or to help operatives to hate more effectively. Maybe subliminals are used on people to make it easier for them to dehumanize subjects. "A call from a man named 'Wizzlethorpe', whose voice dripped with nasty sarcasm and contempt, came shortly after I had, in some distress, called a friend to request company after a particularly bad night of Type I assault. I feared the harassment would go on all day if I remained alone. This phone call was to rub salt in the wounds, and came before my friend had time to arrive. " 'My name is Wizzlethorpe' (obviously a phony name,) he said, 'It's going to take you a long time to figure out who I am, isn't it...' He went on about '... this UFO interest of yours...' as I had recently become actively interested in ufology. My own voice inadvertently dropped in tone in replying and at that a gasp was heard from a third party listening in and hanging on every word. This man, I believe, has the job of harassing me. "One evening as I sat in a small bower I had created at the back of my garden, something shot through my head with a strange 'fzzzzzssst' sound as it happened, seeming to come from behind the fence. I was terrified and could no longer sleep there any more. "A year or so later, sitting in front of the window with the curtains open, the same thing happened again and the TV instantly turned to snow. The alignment at that time of the invisible beam was such that it came from above and on the other side of the garden, from the very area where in 1986 had appeared a momentary pencil-like beam of white light which was aimed at my bathroom window. I had earlier covered the window with the sort of film used on car windows to make them one-way. I was in my garden and I saw the light splash off the film like water. "In the summer of last year I began to have seizures as well as a feeling of metallic liquid moving in that area of my head. These increased in intensity until by New Year's Day of 1995 they became severe. "Medical investigation has not so far determined the cause of my dizziness, nausea, disorientation, dry throat, weight on my chest, palpitations, though I have not yet had a brain scan due the appalling slowness of the British National Health System. So much has happened and it goes on with such fanaticism, that I often awake in the night, very frightened that I am being murdered fiendishly and covertly. "A typical night might involve some real sleep for a while then waking up under the influence of Type II [attack] at low levels of intensity every hour or so. This Type II assault is so debilitating I can hardly rise at all in the morning. As a result, my sleep patterns are now totally random. At present, my eyes ache constantly. During the day one is forced to act 'normal' and can't go around saying such things are happening. "I can sleep normally if I get away to some safe, unexpected place, unfollowed, unplanned, but it takes about three days for my eyes to feel normal again. I often have vivid unpleasant dreams when type II attack is apparent, often filled with strangers and a sense of frustration at trying to accomplish something and being unable to. "I don't normally remember dreams and have never had insomnia [before these attacks started.] Many times I've been put to sleep, I think, by brainwave entrainment, especially when I begin to watch something on TV I have especially arranged to watch and have been wide awake just moments before and when the program is over, I suddenly feel wide awake again. "The woman who told me about the [perpetrators' own term] 'buzzing' has had this happen to her also. She has had a lot of the same experiences. Once while sitting in her kitchen I was overcome by bizarre hostility towards her, such irritation that I had to leave, and as I went out she said 'Look at your face in the mirror.' It was mulberry colour, so deeply red and totally unnatural. "I've never felt like that before and I am absolutely certain it was an induced effect. It is known that microwaves can be modulated to manipulate emotions and that they can redden the skin. "In the home of another victim of more than a decade of sabotage and frequency assault I once clearly perceived a spoken sentence in the air, saying something very nasty and sarcastic to her. In retrospect, it could have been 'Wizzlethorpe' himself, though this was before he called me. Microwaves can also be modulated to create the perception of speech in the brain. This woman used to say she was being gotten at by 'remote hypnosis.' " ELEANOR: Yes, because of two technologies: one is microwave voice to skull, and the second is "silent sound", which is an efficient type of subliminal transmission of voice. Because these two exists, hypnosis is a very good possibility, and many of us targets have experienced things that good well have been caused by pre-planted silent hypnosis. CULLEN: "Because we in Britain have not even a Bill of Rights to protect us, we are more easily used as experimental animals, and I have read that people here are used for American research as well as British. I can quite believe there is a new global octopus dedicated to totalitarian mind control. The very painful turbulence in one of my relationships may be due to mind control experimentation." ELEANOR: Destruction of relationships is very, VERY common among electronic harassment targets. British activist John Allman, founder of an anti-harassment organization named: CHRISTIANS AGAINST MENTAL SLAVERY http://www.slavery.org.uk had his beloved wife leave him when SHE started getting the same electronic torture he gets. Very common, listeners, VERY COMMON... This demonic scum who carry out these attacks destroy every single facet of the target's life. Anything at all that gives the target some pleasure is deliberately destroyed. If you take away nothing else from these programs, I hope you will share our absolute OUTRAGE that these crimes are being ignored by the justice system, and if a target gets pushy about getting help, the target is further harassed by being dragged off to mental hospital and/or force drugged. Twenty years ago, the justice and psychiatric systems might be forgiven for their share of these crimes, but here in the middle of the first decade of the twenty first century, these crimes are now very well known by those in power, as a result of thousands of ongoing complaints. Powerful professionals are simply not doing their jobs. History will eventually record these crimes as equally atrocious as those of Hitler, Stalin and other torturers and killers of innocent citizens! CULLEN: "Isolated, vulnerable people, too poor to escape, and easily written off as hysterical women, or as having 'panic attacks', are [too often actually] targets. "The innate misogyny of Freemasonry is also relevant. Another victim I met, who suffered through Type I and numerous burglaries after a divorce told me 'I never thought of it as important before' when I asked her if her husband was a Mason. Her answer was 'Yes'. "When I described type II to another victim I met, he recognized it instantly. The pattern with both types is the same. The harassment is more obvious in the beginning and becomes more covert so that later the victim is further tormented but is less able to demonstrate it to others. "I have never been able to record Type I {which is voice to skull providing an annoying, pulsating hum} even with equipment supposedly sensitive to very low frequency sound waves, but I have never had the assistance of very high powered scientific equipment or someone present to use it. Since extremely low levels of power can induce effects, and since many parameters may form components of the frequencies used, detection may even be impossible. Cumulative effects of microwave can result in memory impairment, from which I certainly suffer. "All involved instigators and operatives are criminals, people with too much unaccountable power, indulging in whimsical cruelty and brutality for egotistically-imagined wrongs, indulging in extreme arrogance, assuaging annoyances with Nazi-like perverted amusement, doing it [just] because they CAN get away with it, parasitizing and subverting tax money! "With problems like these, it is difficult to have friends. Others disbelieve me, rationalize, feel guilty if they can do nothing for me, or fear for their own safety. But you, [reader,] can do at least this much: Inform yourself, inform others, be concerned. "I am certain that all that has happened could not have BEGUN for any political reason, though later meeting Greenham Common [anti-American military presence] protestors, where frequency assault WAS used, may have added to my punishment as guilt by association. "Who ARE these thugs? Military research staff? Civilian intelligence gangs? Private security firm contractors? "In a photo taken in 1988, I am doing my rock and roll persona, trying to look defiant as a hopeful prelude to gaining independence, but I often despair of EVER throwing off the burden of constant fear. The price of freedom is eternal vigilance. I know it's a cliché, but in Britain today whistle blowing has been criminalized, not protected, by law. "We're exhorted to live by the rule of law, but if the laws are unjust, the rule of law is tyranny. Blind obedience is one of the highly unattractive aspects of Freemasonry, and of a police career. Freemasonry has its own secret religion and I think the definition 'cult' is [applicable.] I would like to see an investigation into these secret societies for fostering gangsterism." ELEANOR: Well, ms. Cullen, the rest of us who live out this living nightmare would like to see many groups investigated for fostering gangsterism, but those officially charged with the duty to investigate crime pretend they've never heard of vigilante stalking or electronic harassment. If those of you who listen to these programs will help us inform others, little by little, we may eventually get this silent Holocaust exposed, and maybe even stopped. I spent four years picketing about this issue in the late 1990s and early 2000s, and I can tell you, many citizens are unaware, but also a surprising number WERE aware. If you help us inform others, you may find that it is easier than you might suspect. We targets of vigilante stalking and electronic harassment are infinitely grateful for each piece of information our listeners pass on to others. For more information on vigilante gang stalking and electronic harassment, please see the links on this show's website, which is: http://www.shoestringradio.net Well, folks, that's it for today. I invite you to join us again next time as we travel the ROAD TO FREEDOM. And remember: FREEDOM ISN'T FREE! ========================================================= [This transcript is based on the MP3-recording of this show, the notes for this show as provided by Mrs. White, and the information on her websites. The transcript was made by Madelger.]